Apache Hive is a data warehousing system built on top of Apache Hadoop for providing data query and analysis. It provides an SQL-like interface to query data stored in Hadoop's Distributed File System (HDFS) or other compatible storage systems. Hive translates SQL queries into MapReduce jobs or other execution frameworks like Apache Spark or Apache Tez, allowing users to interact with massive datasets using familiar SQL syntax.
DuckDB is an in-process SQL OLAP database management system designed for analytical workloads. Often called the "SQLite for analytics," DuckDB combines the simplicity of embedded databases with the power of columnar analytical processing, making it ideal for data science, analytics, and ETL workflows.
MariaDB is a community-developed, commercially supported fork of the MySQL relational database management system (RDBMS). It is intended to remain free and open-source software under the GNU General Public License. MariaDB is a popular choice as a drop-in replacement for MySQL due to its compatibility and enhanced features.
Introduction
SQL Basics